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E. T. Merrick, for plaintiff in error.
Alex. Porter Morse, for defendants in error.
Mr. Justice McKENNA delivered the opinion of the court.
It is objected that the record presents no federal question.
In an action brought in the civil district court for the parish of Orleans, state of Louisiant, John Watson, one of the defendants in error, was appointed on the 17th day of May, 1893, receiver of the property and assets of the Louisiana Printing & Publishing Company, a corporation created under the laws of the state of Louisiana. As such receiver, he took possession of such assets and property. There was no appeal taken from the order of appointment.
The plaintiff in error (a corporation created under the laws of New York, and having its residence in that state) brought an action in the United States circuit court for the district of Louisiana against the Louisiana Printing & Publishing Company to recover $3,863.55, for paper furnished the company, and sued out writs of sequestration and attachment, by [173 U.S. 443, 444] authority of which, on the 29th day of May, 1893, the United States marshal seized certain property of the company, and took the same from the possession of Watson.
On May 30, 1893, Watson, as receiver, filed a motion in said circuit court to quash the attachment and sequestration sued out, 'and said rule or motion concluded with an order which the mover in the rule desired the court to adopt'; and thereupon the judge of the court made the following order:
To which motion the Remington Paper Company filed the following:
Merrick & Merrick, Attys.
The plaintiff prayed the court to decide the exception to said rule before proceeding further, or hearing any testimony on the rule taken.
The court, however, decided to hear the testimony on the allegations of said rule, and after hea ing the same, on the 6th day of June, 1893, made the following order:
The opinion of the court referred to in the order recites that Watson had been 'appointed receiver upon a petition of a creditor, and in the intervention of the attorney general, which original and intervening petitions averred that all the officers of the defendant corporation had resigned, and that in fact it was a vacant corporation.' It was further said:
The bill of exceptions signed by the circuit judge shows that Watson was in possession of the property, engaged in making an inventory of it, when it was seized by the marshal, and had taken the oath of office, but had filed no bond.
On the 9th day of June, 1893, three days after the order of the circuit court, the Remington Company filed in the civil district court for the parish of Orleans a petition and action of nullity, and for damages, under the laws of the state, against Watson, receiver, Pope, petitioning creditor, and the Louisiana Printing & Publishing Company.
The petition alleged the indebtedness of the latter company to petitioner, the action by the latter in the United States circuit court, the attachment of property, the motion of Watson, as hereinbefore stated, and the ruling and order of the court thereon; that the effect thereof will be to prevent the execution of any judgment rendered, and that 'Watson was without right to stand in the way of a just debt, because he had given no bond at the date of the seizure of property under the attachment, nor complied with the order of the court, nor had proceedings been had to perfect his appointment, or to give him the right to control the property, or to prevent any suit from being brought, or any court from subjecting the property of said defendant by due course of law to the payment of its debts, and the conduct of the said Watson, Frank H. Pope, and those confederating with them in attempting to [173 U.S. 443, 447] screen the pro erty from payment of debts, was collusive, and a constructive fraud upon petitioner, and a violation of its rights under the laws and constitution of the United States of America'; that the order appointing him was null and void, because obtained 'upon the collusive petition of Frank J. Pope, without citation to any one, without oath or affidavit, or any proof, and without contest.' It was further alleged that the so-called intervention of the attorney general did not cure the nullity of the proceedings of Pope and Watson, and that the state was without authority to intrude itself in that manner into the controversies of private persons. There was a prayer for citation, and that the order appointing Watson receiver be declared, as against petitioner, null and void and of no effect, and the same be ineffectual as a bar to said attachment or sequestration or other proceedings on the part of the petitioner in the circuit court of the United States, and that said Watson and Pope be condemned, as in solido or otherwise, to pay petitioner the sum of $3,863.55, damages caused it by the obstruction of its proceedings in the circuit court, and for general relief.
The petition was subsequently amended, amplifying somewhat the charges of illegality in Watson's appointment, and alleging with more detail his action in the circuit court, and averring 'that said ex parte order of this court, dated the 17th day of May, 1893, purporting to appoint John W. Watson receiver of the Louisiana Printing & Publishing Company, Limited, was obtained in violation of the fifth and fourteenth amendments to the constitution of the United States, in this: that said decree was obtained without due process of law, it being ex parte, and without affidavits, bond, or proof, as more at large alleged in the original petition, and the said unconstitutional and void order and decree is set up and alleged by the defendants as a bar and a defense to prevent your petitioner from recovering and having its said just and valid debt from its said debtor, the said Louisiana Printing & Publishing Company, Limited, and thus depriving petitioner of its claim duly secured by due and legal process of law on the property of its said debtor, and seized under said [173 U.S. 443, 448] writs from said circuit court of the United States; and said defendants seek through said void ex parte order of 17th day of May, 1893, to effect the transfer and _____ of the possession and property of said Louisiana Printing & Publishing Company under the seizure of petitioner under its writs to said John W. Watson, thereby screening the same from ordinary and legal pursuits of creditors in the modes pointed out by law, in violation of the fifth and said fourteenth amendments of the constitution of the United States.'
To the petition Watson answered, denying all and singular its allegations, except his appointment as receiver, and 'assuming the attitude of plaintiff in reconvention.' alleged that the Remington Paper Company was a nonresident Corporation, and that by its 'unlawful and unwarranted seizure of the property of said Louisiana Printing & Publishing Company, Limited, which seizure has been released, said Remington Paper Company has damaged the creditors of said Louisiana Printing & Publishing Company, Limited, for whose benefit, ut universi, this reconventional demand is now prosecuted.'
The damages were itemized, and alleged to have amounted to $3,847.15.
The answer concluded as follows:
Upon the hearing, judgment was rendered as follows:
The supreme court affirmed the judgment (49 La. Ann. 1296, 22 South. 355), and the case was brought here.
The supreme court, after reciting the proceedings taken by the respective parties, and stating their contentions, said that the record showed that the Remington Company did not comply with the order of the United States circuit court, 'but, on the contrary, this action of nullity and claim for damages was resorted to, instead of such an application'; and it was held that the action depended necessarily upon a claim for damages, and that the company had no such claim. It was further said:
The assignments of error are somewhat involved in statement, but they are based on the ground that the order appointing Watson receiver was null and void because the ownership of property of the Louisiana Printing & Publishing Company, the debtor of plaintiff, 'could not be devested, to the prejudice of creditors, on an arbitra y order, without due process of law,' and the use of such order to obtain the ruling of the United States circuit court, which directed the United States marshal to restore to him the property attached, deprived the plaintiff in error of a right without due process of law, and that, therefore, the judgment of the lower court was erroneous.
The appointment of a receiver to take possession of the property of an insolvent corporation upon the petition of a creditor is certainly 'due process.' This, of course, is not denied; but [173 U.S. 443, 451] the invalidity of the order of appointment is asserted because it was made ex parte, and because Watson had not fully qualified. It is hence argued that the appointment was a nullity,-constituted 'no legal obstacle' to the proceedings in the United States circuit court.
This view was not entertained by that court, but, on motion of Watson, the court ordered the property which had been attached restored to him, and remitted the plaintiff (plaintiff in error here) to the state court. Its order was 'that the marshal restore the property seized in this court under the writs of attachment and sequestration to John W. Watson, receiver, unless within five days the plaintiff applies for, and ultimately receives, authority from the civil district court which appointed Watson, or from the appellate court, to hold same under said writs.' If this was error, its review cannot be had on this record.
The plaintiff did not apply to 'the civil district court which appointed Watson,' the suprme court, in its opinion, says, but brought an action for nullity of the order of appointment under the Code of the state ( Code Prac. La. art. 604 et seq.), and for damages.
The action was regularly proceeded with, and was determined against plaintiff in error on grounds which did not involve federal questions, and therefore it is not within our power to review the judgment of the supreme court of the state.
The plaintiff in error thus sought in the state court, and was given, opportunity to litigate the rights claimed by it, and it cannot complain that the guaranties of the constitution of the United States were denied because the litigation did not result successfully. Land Co. v. Laidley, 159 U.S. 112 , 16 Sup. Ct. 80; Walker v. Sauvinet, 92 U.S. 90 ; Head v. Manufacturing Co., 113 U.S. 9, 26 , 5 S. Sup. Ct. 441; Morley v. Railway Co., 146 U.S. 162, 171 , 13 S. Sup. Ct. 54; Bergemann v. Backer, 157 U.S. 655 , 15 Sup. Ct. 727.
It follows that this writ of error cannot be maintained.
The rule was announced in Eustis v. Bolles, 150 U.S. 370 , 14 Sup. Ct. 133, 'that when we find it unnecessary to decide any federal [173 U.S. 443, 452] question, and when the state court has based its decision on a local or state question, our logical course is to dismiss the writ of error.' See, also, St. Louis, C. G. & Ft. S. Ry. Co. v. Missouri, 156 U.S. 478 , 15 Sup. Ct. 443; Hamblin v. Land Co., 147 U.S. 531 , 13 Sup. Ct. 353; Castillo v. McConnico, 168 U.S. 674 , 18 Sup. Ct. 229.
Writ of error dismissed.
Mr. Justice WHITE took no part in this decision.
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Citation: 173 U.S. 443
Docket No: No. 146
Decided: March 13, 1899
Court: United States Supreme Court
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