HERMAN v. TOWN OF MARANA (2021)

MEMORANDUM **

Heidi Ellaina Herman appeals pro se from the district court's judgment dismissing her 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging constitutional claims. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo a dismissal for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Dougherty v. City of Covina, 654 F.3d 892, 897 (9th Cir. 2011). We affirm.

The district court properly dismissed Herman's claims against the Town of Marana because Herman failed to allege facts sufficient to show that she suffered a constitutional violation as a result of an official policy or custom. See Castro v. County of Los Angeles, 833 F.3d 1060, 1073-76 (9th Cir. 2016) (en banc) (discussing requirements to establish municipal liability under Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978)); Navarro v. Block, 72 F.3d 712, 714 (9th Cir. 1996) (“Proof of random acts or isolated events is insufficient to establish custom.”).

The district court properly dismissed Herman's claims against Lacaillade and Miller because Herman failed to allege facts sufficient to establish that these defendants personally participated in a violation of her constitutional rights. See Keates v. Koile, 883 F.3d 1228, 1241-43 (9th Cir. 2018) (requirements for establishing supervisory liability; “[D]efendants cannot be held liable for a constitutional violation under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 unless they were integral participants in the unlawful conduct.”).

The district court properly dismissed Herman's claims against Alvarez because Herman failed to allege facts sufficient to state a plausible claim. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (a plaintiff fails to show she is entitled to relief if the complaint's factual allegations “do not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of [the alleged] misconduct”); Arizona v. Youngblood, 488 U.S. 51, 58, 109 S.Ct. 333, 102 L.Ed.2d 281 (1988) (“Unless a criminal defendant can show bad faith on the part of the police, failure to preserve potentially useful evidence does not constitute a denial of due process of law.”); Oregon v. Mathiason, 429 U.S. 492, 495, 97 S.Ct. 711, 50 L.Ed.2d 714 (1977) (per curiam) (stating that an officer has a duty to administer Miranda warnings “only where there has been such a restriction on a person's freedom as to render him ‘in custody’ ”); Fortson v. L.A. City Atty's Office, 852 F.3d 1190, 1192 (9th Cir. 2017) (probable cause is a complete defense to a § 1983 claim alleging false arrest).

We do not consider allegations raised for the first time on appeal. See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009).

AFFIRMED.