IN RE: JORDAN (Anonymous). (2009)

In an adoption proceeding pursuant to Domestic Relations Law article 7, Family Focus Adoption Services, Inc., appeals, by permission, and Jane Doe # 1 and Jane Doe # 2, the adoptive parents of the subject child, separately appeal, by permission, from an order of the Family Court, Queens County (DePhillips, J.H.O.), dated April 15, 2008, which denied the cross motion of Family Focus Adoption Services, Inc., in which the adoptive parents joined, to dismiss, based upon lack of standing, the application of Maria B., the putative paternal grandmother, to obtain the identity and location of the adoptive parents in order to serve them with a petition for visitation.

ORDERED that the order is reversed, on the law, with one bill of costs to the appellants appearing separately and filing separate briefs, and the cross motion to dismiss the application of Maria B. is granted.

The Family Court erred in finding that Maria B., the putative paternal grandparent, has standing to seek visitation with the subject child.   A grandparent has standing to seek visitation when either parent is deceased (see Domestic Relations Law § 72[1];  Matter of Gavrusinas v. Melnichenko, 305 A.D.2d 679, 760 N.Y.S.2d 518), even after the child has been adopted (see People ex rel. Sibley v. Sheppard, 54 N.Y.2d 320, 445 N.Y.S.2d 420, 429 N.E.2d 1049;  Matter of Ann M.C. v. Orange County Dept. of Social Services, 250 A.D.2d 190, 193, 682 N.Y.S.2d 62).   On the other hand, biological or legal strangers to a child have no standing to pursue visitation (see Matter of Alison D. v. Virginia M., 77 N.Y.2d 651, 569 N.Y.S.2d 586, 572 N.E.2d 27;  Matter of Ronald FF. v. Cindy GG., 70 N.Y.2d 141, 517 N.Y.S.2d 932, 511 N.E.2d 75;  Matter of McHarris v. Administration for Children's Servs., 53 A.D.3d 660, 862 N.Y.S.2d 382).   Here, therefore, in order to seek visitation rights under Domestic Relations Law § 72, Maria B. must establish that she is the child's biological grandparent (see Matter of Eggleton v. Clark, 11 A.D.3d 459, 782 N.Y.S.2d 771;  Matter of Gross v. Siegman, 226 A.D.2d 724, 642 N.Y.S.2d 44;  Matter of Loretta D. v. Commissioner of Social Servs. of City of N.Y., 177 A.D.2d 573, 576 N.Y.S.2d 164).

However, there was never any determination that Maria B.'s deceased son was the father of the subject child.   There was never an acknowledgment of paternity (see Family Ct. Act § 516-a) and no paternity petition was filed (see Family Ct. Act § 523).   Under the circumstances presented, Maria B. may not now commence a paternity proceeding (see Family Ct. Act §§ 519, 522).

Moreover, the facts presented by Maria B. did not constitute clear and convincing evidence that her deceased son was the father of the subject child (see Matter of Commissioner of Social Servs. v. Philip De G., 59 N.Y.2d 137, 142, 463 N.Y.S.2d 761, 450 N.E.2d 681;  Matter of Johnson v. Jones, 247 A.D.2d 617, 669 N.Y.S.2d 364;  cf. Matter of Loretta D. v. Commissioner of Social Servs. of City of N.Y., 177 A.D.2d 573, 576 N.Y.S.2d 164).   Accordingly, Maria B. lacks standing to pursue visitation with the subject child.

The parties' remaining contentions either are without merit or need not be reached in light of this determination.