TRIONFERO v. VANDERHORN (2004)

Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court (Williams, J.), entered June 10, 2003 in Saratoga County, which granted defendants' motions for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.

Plaintiff Denise Trionfero (hereinafter plaintiff) and her husband, derivatively, commenced this negligence action to recover for injuries sustained when plaintiff fell while walking on the sidewalk outside 488 Broadway in the City of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County, breaking her elbow.   Although, unfortunately, we do not have the benefit of a decision from Supreme Court, it granted summary judgment to all defendants and dismissed the complaint, apparently finding the defect alleged in the sidewalk to be too trivial to be actionable.   On plaintiffs' appeal, we affirm.

 After reviewing the record in the light most favorable to plaintiffs (see Wells v. British Am. Dev. Corp., 2 A.D.3d 1141, 1142 n. 1, 770 N.Y.S.2d 161 [2003] ), we find no reason to disturb Supreme Court's decision to grant summary judgment to defendants.   While the issue of whether a dangerous or defective condition exists is generally a question of fact for the jury, “ ‘all the facts and circumstances presented, including the dimension of the defect at issue,’ must be assessed to determine if a question of fact exists” (Maloid v. New York State Elec. & Gas Corp., 257 A.D.2d 712, 713, 682 N.Y.S.2d 734 [1999], quoting Trincere v. County of Suffolk, 90 N.Y.2d 976, 977, 665 N.Y.S.2d 615, 688 N.E.2d 489 [1997] ).   Although the minimal nature of an alleged height differential on a walkway is not in and of itself determinative, “in some instances, the trivial nature of the defect may loom larger than another element” (Trincere v. County of Suffolk, supra at 977, 665 N.Y.S.2d 615, 688 N.E.2d 489).  “Not every injury allegedly caused by an elevated brick or slab need be submitted to a jury” (id. at 977, 665 N.Y.S.2d 615, 688 N.E.2d 489 [citation omitted] ).

 Indeed, it is well established that “ ‘[t]he owner of a public passageway may not be cast in damages for negligent maintenance by reason of trivial defects on a walkway, not constituting a trap or nuisance, as a consequence of which a pedestrian might merely stumble, stub his [or her] toes, or trip over a raised projection’ ” (Guerrieri v. Summa, 193 A.D.2d 647, 647, 598 N.Y.S.2d 4 [1993], quoting Liebl v. Metropolitan Jockey Club, 10 A.D.2d 1006, 1006, 204 N.Y.S.2d 670 [1960] ).   According to plaintiff's deposition testimony, she was walking on the sidewalk when the toe of her sneaker came in contact with the edge of a concrete sidewalk slab, causing her to trip.   The record evidence establishes that the slab in question was raised only a trivial amount above the adjacent slab-somewhere between 5/8 and 7/8 of an inch.   Thus, it was plaintiffs' burden to “ ‘raise a triable issue of fact whether the alleged defect has the characteristics of a trap, snare or nuisance’ ” (Leverton v. Peters Groceries, 267 A.D.2d 1014, 1015, 700 N.Y.S.2d 316 [1999], quoting Gigliotti v. St. Stanislaus Kostka R.C. Church, 261 A.D.2d 951, 952, 689 N.Y.S.2d 806 [1999] ).

Here, unlike a situation where a significant conflict exists in the proof concerning the height differential and condition of the concrete (cf.   Denmark v. Wal-Mart Stores, 266 A.D.2d 776, 777, 699 N.Y.S.2d 499 [1999] ), it is undisputed that the change in elevation between the sidewalk slabs is less than one inch and plaintiff attributed her fall to the height differential rather than to any deterioration of the edge of the raised concrete slab.   It is also undisputed that the weather was fair and the sidewalk was uncrowded and otherwise unobstructed.   While plaintiff alleges that she ultimately fell after her right foot tripped because all four slabs which form that portion of the sidewalk were at different elevations, rendering her unable to regain her footing with her left foot, we disagree that this bare allegation transforms the nature of the alleged imperfection from a trivial height differential to an actionable defect.   In our view, the condition of the sidewalk as described by the parties and depicted in the photographs did not pose an unreasonable risk of harm to the public and possessed none of the characteristics of a trap or nuisance (see Maloid v. New York State Elec. & Gas Corp., supra at 713, 682 N.Y.S.2d 734).   The alleged facts and circumstances, “including the width, depth, elevation, irregularity and appearance of the defect along with the ‘time place and circumstance’ of the injury” (Trincere v. County of Suffolk, supra at 978, 665 N.Y.S.2d 615, 688 N.E.2d 489, quoting Caldwell v. Village of Is. Park, 304 N.Y. 268, 274, 107 N.E.2d 441 [1952] ), when viewed as a whole, support Supreme Court's conclusion that defendants were entitled to judgment as a matter of law (see Trincere v. County of Suffolk, supra;  Maloid v. New York State Elec. & Gas Corp., supra;  see also Leverton v. Peters Groceries, supra;  Gigliotti v. St. Stanislaus Kostka R.C. Church, supra;  cf.  Tracy v. St. Patrick's Church Chateaugay, 234 A.D.2d 871, 651 N.Y.S.2d 680 [1996];  Evans v. Pyramid Co. of Ithaca, 184 A.D.2d 960, 584 N.Y.S.2d 944 [1992] ).

ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed, with one bill of costs.

SPAIN, J.

CARDONA, P.J., PETERS, ROSE and KANE, JJ., concur.