Learn About the Law
Get help with your legal needs
FindLaw’s Learn About the Law features thousands of informational articles to help you understand your options. And if you’re ready to hire an attorney, find one in your area who can help.
The PEOPLE of The State of New York, Respondent, v. Canio J. De MAIO, Appellant.
Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Montgomery County (Catena, J.), rendered June 27, 2002, convicting defendant upon his plea of guilty of the crimes of driving while intoxicated and aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle in the first degree.
In satisfaction of a six-count indictment, defendant pleaded guilty to the crimes of driving while intoxicated as a class D felony (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1193[1][c][ii] ) and aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle in the first degree, a class E felony (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 511[3][a] ). The negotiated plea included a recommendation for concurrent terms of incarceration of 1 1/313 to 4 years for driving while intoxicated and 1 to 3 years for aggravated unlicensed operation. At the time of the plea allocution, County Court warned defendant that, if he failed to surrender himself to the local jail or failed to appear for sentencing, then the court might impose a different sentence. Defendant failed to comply with these conditions and was eventually sentenced to consecutive terms of incarceration of 2 to 6 years for driving while intoxicated and 1 1/313 to 4 years for aggravated unlicensed operation. Defendant appeals.
Defendant contends that County Court erred by imposing consecutive sentences. Concurrent sentences are mandated by Penal Law § 70.25(2) in two circumstances: “(1) where a single act constitutes two offenses, or (2) where a single act constitutes one of the offenses and a material element of the other” (People v. Laureano, 87 N.Y.2d 640, 643, 642 N.Y.S.2d 150, 664 N.E.2d 1212; see People v. Parks, 95 N.Y.2d 811, 814, 712 N.Y.S.2d 429, 734 N.E.2d 741; People v. Catone, 65 N.Y.2d 1003, 1005, 494 N.Y.S.2d 97, 484 N.E.2d 126). If either circumstance is present, the sentencing court can retain discretion to impose consecutive sentences if the “multiple offenses are committed through separate and distinct acts, though they are part of a single transaction” (People v. Ramirez, 89 N.Y.2d 444, 451, 654 N.Y.S.2d 998, 677 N.E.2d 722; see People v. Brown, 80 N.Y.2d 361, 364, 590 N.Y.S.2d 422, 604 N.E.2d 1353). Consecutive sentences imposed based upon separate and distinct acts “must be supported by identifiable facts” (People v. Ramirez, supra at 451, 654 N.Y.S.2d 998, 677 N.E.2d 722), and the burden of establishing such acts rests upon the People (see People v. Laureano, supra at 643-645, 642 N.Y.S.2d 150, 664 N.E.2d 1212).
Although there are numerous factual circumstances that can comprise both the crimes of first degree aggravated unlicensed operation (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 511[3][a][i], [ii] ) and felony driving while intoxicated (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1193[1][c][i], [ii] ), it is apparent that driving while intoxicated can constitute a material element of first degree aggravated unlicensed operation. It was thus incumbent upon the People to show either that defendant's felony driving while intoxicated was not, in fact, a material element of his first degree aggravated unlicensed operation (see e.g. Vehicle and Traffic Law § 511[3][a][ii] [authorizing such charge based upon nonalcohol-related elements] ) 1 or that the two offenses were based upon separate and distinct acts. Here, the indictment alleges defendant's driving while under the influence as an element of the charge of first degree aggravated unlicensed operation. Both the offenses to which defendant eventually pleaded guilty are alleged in the indictment to have occurred on the same date, place and time. The plea allocution confirms such facts and, indeed, further reveals that the same prior offenses provided the basis for both the previous revocation of defendant's license and the elevation of the driving while intoxicated to felony status. It is thus clear that defendant's felony driving while intoxicated charge was a material element of his first degree aggravated unlicensed operation and the People failed to show that the two offenses arose from separate and distinct acts.
The People's reliance upon People v. Richburg, 287 A.D.2d 790, 792, 731 N.Y.S.2d 256, lv. denied 97 N.Y.2d 687, 738 N.Y.S.2d 303, 764 N.E.2d 407, with no concomitant case-specific factual analysis, is misplaced. Richburg should not be construed as holding that felony driving while intoxicated and first degree aggravated unlicensed operation cannot fall within the parameters of Penal Law § 70.25(2). To the contrary, since felony driving while intoxicated can constitute a material element of first degree aggravated unlicensed operation, the People bear the burden when advocating consecutive sentences of showing identifiable separate acts sustaining such sentences. The People failed to make such a showing in this case and, therefore, the sentences must be modified to run concurrently. Our decision renders academic defendant's remaining argument.
ORDERED that the judgment is modified, on the law, by directing that defendant's sentences for the convictions of the crimes of driving while intoxicated and aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle in the first degree shall run concurrently rather than consecutively, and, as so modified, affirmed.
FOOTNOTES
1. The common element of merely operating a motor vehicle is not a material element (see People v. Skarczewski, 178 Misc. 160, 161-162, 33 N.Y.S.2d 299, affd. 287 N.Y. 826, 41 N.E.2d 99).
LAHTINEN, J.
MERCURE, J.P., CREW III, PETERS and ROSE, JJ., concur.
A free source of state and federal court opinions, state laws, and the United States Code. For more information about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes visit FindLaw's Learn About the Law.
Decided: April 17, 2003
Court: Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department, New York.
Search our directory by legal issue
Enter information in one or both fields (Required)
Harness the power of our directory with your own profile. Select the button below to sign up.
Learn more about FindLaw’s newsletters, including our terms of use and privacy policy.
Get help with your legal needs
FindLaw’s Learn About the Law features thousands of informational articles to help you understand your options. And if you’re ready to hire an attorney, find one in your area who can help.
Search our directory by legal issue
Enter information in one or both fields (Required)