HARLAN MOTT v. STATE OF IOWA (2023)

Harlan Mott Jr. was convicted of first-degree kidnapping and assault causing bodily harm in 2007. He appealed the conviction, which a panel of this court upheld in State v. Mott, 759 N.W.2d 140, 151 (Iowa Ct. App. 2008); procedendo issued in 2009. Mott filed his first application for postconviction relief (PCR) in 2009, which was denied by the district court in 2019—an outcome affirmed by a panel of this court in 2021.¹ See Mott v. State, No. 19-0834, 2021 WL 591680, at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. Jan 21, 2021). Mott filed his current, second PCR in 2021 alleging ineffective assistance of counsel, due process violations, Brady violations,² prosecutorial misconduct, and newly discovered evidence. The State moved to dismiss the action as untimely. See Iowa Code § 822.3 (2021) (“[PCR] applications must be filed within three years from the date the conviction or decision is final or, in the event of an appeal, from the date the writ of procedendo is issued.”). The district court granted the State's motion. Mott appeals, arguing we should adopt the doctrine of equitable tolling or find Iowa Code section 822.3 unconstitutional. We review both a statute-of-limitations defense and a district court's dismissal of a PCR application for correction of errors of law. Thongvanh v. State, 938 N.W.2d 2, 8 (Iowa 2020).

Mott argues his 2021 application was not untimely. In support of this, he points to Allison v. State, 914 N.W.2d 866, 891 (Iowa 2018), which allowed a route around the time bar for PCRs involving ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims; but Allison was abrogated by an amendment to section 822.3 in 2019. See Sandoval v. State, 975 N.W.2d 434, 436 (Iowa 2022) (citing 2019 Iowa Acts ch. 140, § 34). Mott recognized this at the motion hearing and urged, as he does on appeal, the court to adopt equitable tolling. But “this court has frequently held that equitable tolling does not apply to section 822.3.” See Smith v. State, No. 19-0384, 2020 WL 110398, at *1 & n.2 (Iowa Ct. App. Jan. 9, 2020) (collecting cases). So, Mott's application was untimely.³

Mott next argues section 822.3’s time limitation violates his constitutional right to due process. But Mott never raised this argument to the district court, and the district court never ruled on it. “It is a fundamental doctrine of appellate review that issues must ordinarily be both raised and decided by the district court before we will decide them on appeal.” Lamasters, 821 N.W.2d at 862 (citation omitted). Because Mott failed to preserve error for this claim, we address it no further.

Because Mott's application was untimely and he did not preserve his constitutional challenge, we affirm the district court's dismissal of Mott's second PCR application.

AFFIRMED.

FOOTNOTES

1.   Mott's first PCR case had a longer course because Mott successfully overturned a default judgment before the PCR case was considered on the merits. See generally Mott v. State, No. 12-1293, 2013 WL 5962908 (Iowa Ct. App. Nov. 6, 2013).

2.   See Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87 (1963) (“We now hold that the suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates due process where the evidence is material either to guilt or to punishment, irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution.”).

3.   Though Mott did raise the issue of new grounds of fact or law in his initial application, which would have avoided section 822.3’s time bar, the district court did not rule on the issue and so Mott has not preserved error. See Lamasters v. State, 821 N.W.2d 856, 862 (Iowa 2012) (“When a district court fails to rule on an issue properly raised by a party, the party who raised the issue must file a motion requesting a ruling in order to preserve error for appeal.” (citation omitted)). Even if he had, he does not name any newly discovered evidence in his appellate brief nor provide any case law about the issue, so we would consider it waived. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.903(2)(g)(3) (“Failure to cite authority in support of an issue may be deemed waiver of that issue.”).

GREER, Judge.