UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appellee, v. KENNETH GRAFTON, Defendant-Appellant.
Kenneth Grafton appeals from the revocation of his supervised release and corresponding sentence of 51 months' imprisonment and an additional term of three years of supervised release. We assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history, the district court's rulings, and the arguments presented on appeal.
We review the district court's finding of a violation of supervised release for abuse of discretion and its factual findings for clear error. United States v. Spencer, 640 F.3d 513, 520 (2d Cir. 2011). A district court may revoke supervised release upon finding “by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant violated a condition of supervised release ․” 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(3).
In this case, the Government offered the following evidence recovered from Grafton and the vehicle he was driving following a traffic stop: roughly 2 grams of marijuana, 1.35 grams of cocaine, and .25 grams of methamphetamine; ziplock baggies; and glassine envelopes. At Grafton's revocation hearing, the Government also introduced the testimony of Probation Officer Dennis Stickley and New York State Trooper Michael Burmann. On the basis of the evidence presented, the district court found that the Government had met its burden by a preponderance of the evidence and revoked Grafton's supervised release. Apparently because of the variety of drugs and the various packaging materials that were recovered, the district court inferred that Grafton had engaged in Criminal Possession of a Controlled Substance with Intent to Sell, a “Grade A” violation under § 7B1.1(a)(1) of the Sentencing Guidelines. We conclude the district court acted within the bounds of its discretion in so concluding.
Grafton's reliance on our decision in United States v. Boissoneault, 926 F.2d 230 (2d Cir. 1991) is misplaced. In Boissoneault, we held that evidence consisting of roughly $1,460 in cash, roughly five grams of cocaine, and papers that could indicate drug distribution activity was insufficient to sustain a conviction for possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance. See id. at 231. Critically, however, the evidence in Boissoneault was assessed against the higher standard of proof required for criminal convictions: proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. at 235.
Here, only proof by a preponderance of the evidence is necessary to support a supervised release revocation. 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(3). That lesser standard of proof, coupled with our deferential review for abuse of discretion, leads us to conclude that, under the circumstances of this case, the district court did not exceed the bounds of its discretion in revoking Grafton's supervised release. We need not decide whether the evidence presented at Grafton's revocation hearing would be sufficient to support a criminal conviction for possession with intent to distribute, nor do we suggest that any particular amount of drugs and quantity of packaging material would necessarily support a revocation of supervised release. We conclude only that in these circumstances, the district court did not abuse its discretion by concluding that the Government met its burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence that Grafton possessed a controlled substance with intent to sell.
We have considered Grafton's remaining arguments and find them to be without merit. Accordingly, the district court's order is AFFIRMED.
FOR THE COURT:
Catherine O'Hagan Wolfe, Clerk