In a federal habeas dispute involving the scope of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), 28 U. S. C. section 2254, and an assertion of ineffective counsel, judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed because federal review under section 2254(d)(1) is limited only to the record that was before the state court that adjudicated the claim on the merits.