United States Ninth Circuit

Defendants' convictions for conspiracy to import marijuana and importation of marijuana are affirmed, where: 1) the district court did not abuse its discretion by instructing the jury on a theory of deliberate ignorance in the context of a conspiracy, 2) the theory of deliberate ignorance need not be exclusive, it may be an argument alternative to actual knowledge; 3) there was sufficient evidence to support defendant Ramos' conviction; and 4) the district court did not abuse its discretion by admitting defendant Ramos-Atondo's prior alien smuggling conviction.

Appellate Information

• Decided 10/11/2013
• Published 10/11/2013

Judges

• GOULD

Court

• United States Ninth Circuit

Counsel