United States Ninth Circuit

Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations does not create judicially enforceable rights that may be vindicated by an individual in an action brought under 42 U.S.C. section 1983.

Appellate Information

• Argued 06/25/2007
• Decided 09/24/2007
• Published 09/24/2007

Judges

• Before:  ARTHUR L. ALARCÓN, D.W. NELSON, and PAMELA ANN RYMER, Circuit Judges.

Court

• United States Ninth Circuit

Counsel

• For Appellant:
  
• Genaro Lara, Vista, CA, (argued);  Emile M. Mullick, San Bernardino, CA, for the plaintiffs-appellants., Douglas N. Letter (argued), Sharon Swingle, Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for amicus curiae the United States.


• For Appellees:
  
• Donald Shanahan, San Diego, CA, (argued);  David Axtmann, San Diego, CA, (argued);  Susan D. Ryan, Escondido, CA;  Ronald R. Ball, Carlsbad, CA;  David M. Daftary, Oceanside, CA, for the defendants-appellees.