United States Ninth Circuit

In determining non-dischargeability of a debt under 11 U.S.C. section 523(a)(6), the proper inquiry is whether the injury underlying the judgment involved either a subjective intent to harm, or a subjective belief that harm was substantially certain.

Appellate Information

• Decided 05/20/2002
• Published 05/20/2002

Judges

• Before BEEZER, TASHIMA, and GRABER, Circuit Judges.

Court

• United States Ninth Circuit

Counsel

• For Appellant:
  
• Jerome Marks, San Francisco, CA, for the appellant., Norma L. Hammes, Gold & Hammes, San Jose, CA, and John Rao, National Consumer Law Center, Boston, MA, for amicus curiae National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys, urging affirmance.


• For Appellees:
  
• Stanley A. Zlotoff, San Jose, CA, for the appellee.