United States Ninth Circuit

Where there was no direct evidence of individual police officers' "integral participation" in unlawful search of plaintiff's home, rejection of proposed "group liability" jury instructions was proper; simple membership in a group without causal connection to an unlawful act cannot create liability under 42 U.S.C. section 1983.

Appellate Information

• Argued 02/05/2002
• Decided 04/18/2002
• Published 04/18/2002

Judges

• Before O'SCANNLAIN and SILVERMAN, Circuit Judges, and REED, Jr., District Judge.

Court

• United States Ninth Circuit

Counsel

• For Appellant:
  
• Stephen Yagman,Yagman & Yagman & Reichmann, Venice, CA, for the plaintiff-appellant.


• For Appellees:
  
• Janet G. Bogigian, City Attorney's Office, Los Angeles, CA, for the defendants-appellees.