In a qui tam suit under the False Claims Act (FCA) against numerous insurance and trucking companies, alleging defendants have been systematically and intentionally noncompliant with their obligations under the Medicare Secondary Payer Act to reimburse Medicare for certain payments made on behalf of Medicare beneficiaries, the district court's dismissal of the complaint as a sanction is affirmed where: 1) the FCA's first‐to‐file rule is not jurisdictional; and 2) the district court did not err by imposing the sanction of dismissal.