GAIL PAYNE STEPHANIE SMITH v. OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF BASEBALL DBA (2017)

MEMORANDUM*

Gail Payne and Stephanie Smith appeal the district court's order dismissing Payne and Smith's class action complaint for lack of standing. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

The district court did not err in concluding that Smith and Payne failed to demonstrate the injury-in-fact element of Article III standing. Smith cannot demonstrate a “certainly impending” or “substantial risk” of future injury from a foul ball, Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus, 134 S. Ct. 2334, 2341 (2014) (citation omitted), because she does not plan to attend any future ball game unless she is sitting in a location that is screened by a net, see Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 563–64 (1992). Although Payne plans to attend future games, her chance of being hit by a foul ball in her chosen sections is roughly 0.0027% per game. Payne has not offered evidence or statistical analysis indicating she faces a significantly greater likelihood of injury than 0.0027%, let alone that she faces a “certainly impending” injury. Susan B. Anthony List, 134 S. Ct. at 2341. We also reject Payne and Smith's argument that their general anxiety about being injured by foul balls constitutes an injury-in-fact, because it is based on “fears of hypothetical future harm that is not certainly impending.” Clapper v. Amnesty Int'l USA, 568 U.S. 398, 416 (2013); see also Munns v. Kerry, 782 F.3d 402, 411 (9th Cir. 2015).

Finally, we reject Smith and Payne's argument that inadequate safety precautions at baseball games interfere with their recreational use of their baseball tickets, and such interference constitutes an injury-in-fact. A person does not suffer “an invasion of a legally protected interest” solely because the owner of a facility open to the public has failed to implement a particular safety measure. Lujan, 504 U.S. at 560. Cases concerning individuals' use of public natural resources that are threatened by business operations, see Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc., 528 U.S. 167, 182–83 (2000), are inapposite and therefore insufficient to meet the plaintiffs' burden to show they have standing, see Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins, 136 S. Ct. 1540, 1547 (2016).

AFFIRMED.