IN RE: Donald J. TRUMP (2020)

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

IN RE: Donald J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, in his official capacity and in his individual capacity, Petitioner. Professor Clark D. Cunningham; Professor Jesse Egbert, Amici Curiae, Scholar Seth Barrett Tillman; Judicial Education Project, Amici Supporting Petitioner, Former National Security Officials; Commonwealth of Virginia; The Niskanen Center; Republican Women for Progress; Cheri Jacobus; Tom Coleman; Emil H. Frankel; Joel Searby; Administrative Law, Constitutional Law, and Federal Courts Scholars; Certain Legal Historians, Amici Supporting Respondents.

No. 18-2486

Decided: July 09, 2020

Mark R. Freeman, Joseph H. Hunt, Hashim M. Mooppan, Michael Raab, U. S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Washington, DC, Martin V. Totaro, United States Securities & Exchange Commission, Office of the General Counsel, Washington, DC, for Petitioner Loren Linn AliKhan, Solicitor General, Stephanie E. Litos, Karl Anthony Racine, Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, Laura C. Beckerman, Noah D. Bookbinder, Norman L. Eisen, Stuart Craig McPhail, Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Washington, Washington, DC, Deepak Gupta, Daniel Townsend, Gupta Wessler PLLC, Washington, DC, Joshua Adam Matz, Kaplan Hecker & Fink LLP, New York, NY, Joseph M. Sellers, Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll, PLLC, Washington, DC, Christine Elizabeth Webber, Washington, DC, for Respondent District of Columbia Laura C. Beckerman, Noah D. Bookbinder, Norman L. Eisen, Stuart Craig McPhail, Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Washington, Washington, DC, Brian E. Frosh, Esq., Attorney General, Steven Marshall Sullivan, Assistant Attorney General, Leah J. Tulin, Office of the Attorney General of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, Deepak Gupta, Daniel Townsend, Gupta Wessler PLLC, Washington, DC, Joshua Adam Matz, Kaplan Hecker & Fink LLP, New York, NY, Joseph M. Sellers, Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll, PLLC, Washington, DC, Christine Elizabeth Webber, Washington, DC, for Respondent State of Maryland Craig Thomas Merritt, Christian & Barton, LLP, Richmond, VA, for Amici Professor Clark D. Cunningham, Professor Jesse Egbert Jan I. Berlage, Josh Blackman, Gohn Hankey & Berlage LLP, Robert William Ray, Zeichner Ellman & Krause LLP, New York, NY, for Amicus Supporting Petitioner Scholar Seth Barrett Tillman Jan I. Berlage, Gohn Hankey & Berlage LLP, Baltimore, MD, Carrie Serverino, Judicial Education Project, Washington, DC, for Amicus Supporting Petitioner Judicial Education Project Harold Hongju Koh, Yale Law School, New Haven, CT, Phillip Michael Spector, Messing & Spector LLP, Baltimore, MD, for Amicus Supporting Respondent Former National Security Officials Mark Rankin Herring, Attorney General, Toby Jay Heytens, Michelle Shane Kallen, Office of the Attorney General of Virginia, Richmond, VA, Brittany Marie Jones, Jones Day, Washington, DC, for Amicus Supporting Respondent Commonwealth of Virginia Devin M. Misour, Brian T. Phelps, Colin E. Wrabley, Reed Smith, LLP, M. Patrick Yingling, Reed Smith, LLP, Chicago, IL, for Amici The Niskanen Center, Republican Women for Progress, Cheri Jacobus, Tom Coleman, Emil H. Frankel, Joel Searby Regina Kline, Anthony Jovi May, Jean Mary Zachariasiewicz, Brown Goldstein & Levy, LLP, Baltimore, MD, Amicus Supporting Respondent Administrative Law, Constitutional Law, and Federal Courts Scholars Eric Leon Cramer, Esq., Candace J. Enders, H. Laddie Montague, Berger & Montague, PC, Philadelphia, PA, Erica C. Lai, Melissa H. Maxman, Cohen & Gresser LLP, Washington, DC, for Amicus Supporting Respondent Certain Legal Historians