United States of America, Plaintiff-Intervenor-Appellee, v. Frederick W. Tapp, Jane E. Schuck, Kent Sandford, Richard J. McCutcheon, Beverly A. McCutcheon, Albert A. Hoffman, Lucy Hoffman, Myles Barraclough, Sandra Barraclough, Duane G. Glover, Paul H. Geer, Virginia M. Geer, Scott E. Fisher, Rosemary N. Fisher, William E. Campbell, David J. Gibson, Clarence J. Coffman, Jr., C. James Coffman, Sr., Jean Coffman, Eileen W. Garling, Robert F. Van Der Horst, Susan F. Van Der Horst, Joseph Chiapuso, Susan Chiapuso, Howard B. Whitney Estate, Deborah Baldwin, Robert L. Jones, Eugenia Jones, Stephen M. Kane, Clarence J. Coffman, Sr., Howard L. Luzier, Florence Luzier, Walter L. Whitney, Executor, Louise Hickey, Phillip Confer, Shirley Confer, David C. Williams, and Frances E. Williams, Defendants. (1999)

United States Court of Appeals,Second Circuit.

SENECA NATION OF INDIANS, Plaintiff-Appellee, United States of America, Plaintiff-Intervenor-Appellee, v. STATE OF NEW YORK;  George E. Pataki, as Governor;  Joseph Seymour, as Commissioner of the Office of General Services;  and Bernadette Castro, as Commissioner of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, Defendants-Appellants, Frederick W. Tapp, Jane E. Schuck, Kent Sandford, Richard J. McCutcheon, Beverly A. McCutcheon, Albert A. Hoffman, Lucy Hoffman, Myles Barraclough, Sandra Barraclough, Duane G. Glover, Paul H. Geer, Virginia M. Geer, Scott E. Fisher, Rosemary N. Fisher, William E. Campbell, David J. Gibson, Clarence J. Coffman, Jr., C. James Coffman, Sr., Jean Coffman, Eileen W. Garling, Robert F. Van Der Horst, Susan F. Van Der Horst, Joseph Chiapuso, Susan Chiapuso, Howard B. Whitney Estate, Deborah Baldwin, Robert L. Jones, Eugenia Jones, Stephen M. Kane, Clarence J. Coffman, Sr., Howard L. Luzier, Florence Luzier, Walter L. Whitney, Executor, Louise Hickey, Phillip Confer, Shirley Confer, David C. Williams, and Frances E. Williams, Defendants.

Seneca Nation of Indians, Plaintiff-Appellee, Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians, Plaintiff-Intervenor-Appellee, United States of America, on its own behalf, and for the benefit of the Seneca Nation of Indians and the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians, Plaintiff-Intervenor-Appellee, v. State of New York, Individually and as a representative class of landowners similarly situated, Defendant-Appellant, The New York State Thruway Authority;  Erie County;  Moore Business Forms, Inc., Individually and as a representative of a class of landowners similarly situated;  Inducom, Inc., Individually and as a representative class of landowners similarly situated;  Rado-O-Mart, Inc., Individually and as a representative class of landowners similarly situated;  Ilona H. Lang, Individually and as a representative class of landowners similarly situated;  Robert W. Weaver, Individually and as a representative class of landowners similarly situated;  Francis B. Pritchard, Defendants, George E. Pataki, Bernadette Castro, Ronald W. Coan, John Cahill, Joseph Boardman, John R. Platt, Intervenors-Defendants.

Docket Nos. 99-6003, 99-6005.

Decided: May 17, 1999

Before:  WINTER, Chief Judge, MINER, and POOLER, Circuit Judges.

Andrew D. Bing, Assistant Attorney General (Eliot Spitzer, Attorney General of the State of New York;  Peter H. Schiff, Acting Solicitor General;  Nancy A. Spiegel, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), Albany, New York, for Defendants-Appellants. Jeanne S. Whiteing, Whiteing & Smith (Robert P. Isaac, Jr., Deputy Attorney General, Seneca Nation Department of Justice, Salamanca, New York;  Arlinda F. Locklear, Jefferson, Maryland, of counsel), Boulder, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee. Samuel C. Alexander, Attorney, Environment & Natural Resources Division, U.S. Department of Justice (Lois J. Schiffer, Assistant Attorney General, Environment & Natural Resources Division, United States Department of Justice;  David C. Shilton, Attorney, of counsel), Washington, D.C., for Plaintiff-Intervenor-Appellee United States of America. Steven M. Tullberg, Indian Law Resource Center (June L. Lorenzo and Alexandra Page, of counsel), Washington, D.C., for Plaintiff-Intervenor-Appellee Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians.