PEOPLE v. PATTERSON (2025)

DECISION & ORDER

Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Richard L. Buchter, J.), rendered November 1, 2018, convicting him of robbery in the first degree (two counts), criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (four counts), and burglary in the second degree, upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence.

ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.

The defendant and his codefendant were arrested and later indicted for stealing money at gunpoint from a Dollar Tree store located in Jamaica, Queens.  Following a joint trial with his codefendant, the defendant was convicted of robbery in the first degree and related crimes.  Testimony of store employees described the two armed individuals, who were also depicted on the store's video surveillance footage, which was admitted into evidence at trial.  The evidence also established that police officers responded to the store within minutes of the robbery, they saw the perpetrators fleeing, and they quickly established a perimeter to prevent their escape.

The defendant and the codefendant, whose appearances matched the descriptions of the perpetrators provided by the employees and as depicted on the store's video surveillance footage, were apprehended within minutes of the police arriving on the scene, hiding in the rear of separate but adjacent properties around the corner from the store.  An amount of money, approximating the roughly $2,000 that allegedly had been taken from the store, was found near the hiding areas of the defendant and the codefendant, along with guns and other items that matched the descriptions and depictions of the perpetrators, including a pair of blue gloves and a wig alleged to have been worn by the defendant during the robbery.

The defendant's contention that the evidence was legally insufficient to support his convictions is unpreserved for appellate review, as his generalized motion to dismiss the indictment, made at the close of the People's case, was not specifically directed at the deficiency now being argued (see CPL 470.05[2];  People v. Hawkins, 11 N.Y.3d 484, 492, 872 N.Y.S.2d 395, 900 N.E.2d 946;  People v. Brown, 270 A.D.2d 496, 705 N.Y.S.2d 300).  In any event, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution (see People v. Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620, 467 N.Y.S.2d 349, 454 N.E.2d 932), it was legally sufficient to establish the defendant's identity as one of the perpetrators of the crimes beyond a reasonable doubt (see People v. Brown, 92 A.D.3d 1216, 1217, 937 N.Y.S.2d 803;  People v. Goree, 309 A.D.2d 1204, 764 N.Y.S.2d 760).  Moreover, in fulfilling our responsibility to conduct an independent review of the weight of the evidence (see CPL 470.15[5];  People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 348, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1), we nevertheless accord great deference to the jury's opportunity to view the witnesses, hear the testimony, and observe demeanor (see People v. Mateo, 2 N.Y.3d 383, 410, 779 N.Y.S.2d 399, 811 N.E.2d 1053;  People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672).  Upon reviewing the record here, we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v. Romero, 7 N.Y.3d 633, 826 N.Y.S.2d 163, 859 N.E.2d 902).

The defendant's contention that the Supreme Court erred in denying his pretrial motion and various midtrial applications to sever his case from that of his codefendant is without merit.  A severance motion is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court (see People v. Mahboubian, 74 N.Y.2d 174, 183, 544 N.Y.S.2d 769, 543 N.E.2d 34).  “Severance is compelled only where the core of each defense is in irreconcilable conflict with the other and where there is a significant danger that the conflict alone would lead the jury to infer a defendant's guilt” (People v. Martins, 306 A.D.2d 423, 423, 760 N.Y.S.2d 874;  see People v. Cardwell, 78 N.Y.2d 996, 997–998, 575 N.Y.S.2d 267, 580 N.E.2d 753).

Here, the defendant's and the codefendant's defenses were not in irreconcilable conflict (see People v. Boylan, 193 A.D.3d 964, 142 N.Y.S.3d 855;  People v. Turnbull, 52 A.D.3d 747, 860 N.Y.S.2d 189;  cf.  People v. Mahboubian, 74 N.Y.2d at 184, 544 N.Y.S.2d 769, 543 N.E.2d 34).  Relatedly, the admission of certain statements allegedly made by the codefendant from jail in recorded telephone calls, which did not implicate the defendant and which were accompanied by an appropriate limiting instruction that the jury could only consider the statements against the codefendant, did not require the trials to be severed or otherwise present a Confrontation Clause problem (see People v. Martinez–Herrera, 172 A.D.3d 451, 453, 100 N.Y.S.3d 235;  People v. Villanueva, 168 A.D.3d 769, 770, 89 N.Y.S.3d 642).

The defendant's remaining contentions are without merit.

GENOVESI, J.P., CHAMBERS, TAYLOR and HOM, JJ., concur.