PEOPLE v. WADE (2014)

On appeal from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of, inter alia, two counts of burglary in the second degree (Penal Law § 140.25[2] ) and three counts of petit larceny (§ 155.25), defendant contends that County Court erred in denying that part of his omnibus motion seeking to suppress the showup identification testimony of one of the victims on the ground that the showup procedure was unduly suggestive. Although we agree with defendant that the People “failed in their threshold responsibility to call any witness who could testify to the circumstances under which defendant was actually identified” by that victim (People v. Ortiz, 90 N.Y.2d 533, 538), we conclude that the court's error in refusing to suppress that identification testimony is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt (see People v. Siler, 45 AD3d 1403, 1403, lv denied 10 NY3d 771; People v. Davis, 15 AD3d 930, 931, lv denied 5 NY3d 761). That victim did not identify defendant at trial and, moreover, defense counsel conceded during summation that defendant was the person who was present at the scene and spoke with the victims, and thus that victim's identification of defendant was not at issue at trial (see Siler, 45 AD3d at 1403; Davis, 15 AD3d at 931).

Contrary to defendant's further contention, the counts of the indictment charging him with burglary in the second degree are not multiplicitous. Although an indictment may be multiplicitous where “ ‘two separate counts of the indictment charge the same crime’ “ (People v. Brandel, 306 A.D.2d 860, 860; see People v. Kindlon, 217 A.D.2d 793, 795, lv denied 86 N.Y.2d 844), an indictment may include separate counts charging the same crime provided that each crime “constitutes a separate and distinct offense” (Brandel, 306 A.D.2d at 860). Here, there was evidence, albeit circumstantial, from which the jury could have concluded that defendant entered the victims' home, stole property including sunglasses and a wallet, and then exited the home. The circumstantial evidence also permitted the jury to conclude that, at another point in time, defendant entered a different part of that home and stole other property. Thus, defendant was properly charged with two separate counts of burglary in the second degree (see People v. Felder, 2 AD3d 365, 365, lv denied 2 NY3d 799; see generally People v. Brown, 255 A.D.2d 686, 687, lv denied 92 N.Y.2d 1029).

We agree with defendant's further contention, however, that count five of the indictment, charging him with petit larceny, was rendered duplicitous by the trial evidence. We therefore modify the judgment accordingly. “Because defendant's right to be tried and convicted of only those crimes charged in the indictment is fundamental and nonwaivable” (People v. McNab, 167 A.D.2d 858, 858; see People v. Filer, 97 AD3d 1095, 1096, lv denied 19 NY3d 1025), we review defendant's contention despite his failure to preserve it. CPL 200.30(1) provides that “[e]ach count of an indictment may charge one offense only.” Count five of the indictment charged defendant with stealing a bicycle and thus was not facially defective. At trial, however, the evidence established that two bicycles were stolen. Consequently, “ ‘[r]eversal is required because the jury may have convicted defendant of an unindicted [petit larceny], resulting in the usurpation by the prosecutor of the exclusive power of the [g]rand [j]ury to determine the charges' ․, as well as the ‘danger that ․ different jurors convicted defendant based on different acts' “ (People v. Jacobs, 52 AD3d 1182, 1183, lv denied 11 NY3d 926). Under the circumstances presented here, we dismiss that count of the indictment with prejudice.

Defendant's remaining contentions are not preserved for our review, and we decline to exercise our power to review those contentions as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15[6][a] ).

It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by reversing that part convicting defendant of petit larceny under count five of the indictment and dismissing that count of the indictment, and as modified the judgment is affirmed.

MEMORANDUM: