IN RE: LIVINGSTON PARKWAY ASSOCIATION (2014)

Petitioners commenced this CPLR article 78 proceeding seeking to annul the determination of respondent Town of Amherst Zoning Board of Appeals (ZBA) that a condition imposing a height restriction for proposed new buildings on the subject parcel (Condition No. 4) was no longer enforceable. We conclude that Supreme Court properly dismissed the amended petition.

We reject petitioners' contention that the ZBA's failure to adopt formal, written findings of fact renders its determination arbitrary and capricious. Generally, “[f]indings of fact which show the actual grounds of a decision are necessary for an intelligent judicial review of a quasi-judicial or administrative determination” (Matter of South Blossom Ventures, LLC v. Town of Elma, 46 AD3d 1337, 1338, lv dismissed 10 NY3d 852 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Matter of Paloma Homes, Inc. v. Petrone, 10 AD3d 612, 613). Where the issue is one of pure legal interpretation of statutory terms, however, we have the power to conduct an independent review of the applicable law (see Matter of BBJ Assoc., LLC v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals of Town of Kent, 65 AD3d 154, 160; see also Matter of Emmerling v. Town of Richmond Zoning Bd. of Appeals, 67 AD3d 1467, 1467–1468), and petitioners correctly concede that this case involves only an issue of legal interpretation. Under the circumstances, we conclude that the record “contain[s] sufficient facts to permit intelligent judicial review of the ․ determination” (Matter of Iwan v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals of Town of Amsterdam, 252 A.D.2d 913, 914; see Matter of Tall Trees Constr. Corp. v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals of Town of Huntington, 97 N.Y.2d 86, 93; see also Matter of Friends of Hammondsport v. Village of Hammondsport Planning Bd., 11 AD3d 1021, 1022).

We reject petitioners' contention that Condition No. 4 survived the passage of respondent Town of Amherst's Zoning Ordinance of 1976, which continued to give effect to, inter alia, “laws, rules, [and] regulations ․ previously adopted or issued” (§ 203–2–2.1 [1976] ). A “regulation is ‘a fixed, general principle to be applied by an administrative agency without regard to other facts and circumstances relevant to the regulatory scheme of [a] statute’ “ (Matter of SLS Residential, Inc. v. New York State Off. of Mental Health, 67 AD3d 813, 816, lv denied 14 NY3d 713, quoting Matter of Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany v. New York State Dept. of Health, 66 N.Y.2d 948, 951). Here, we conclude that Condition No. 4 is not a regulation inasmuch as it is not a fixed, general principle. Indeed, the language of Condition No. 4 specifically and unambiguously applied the height restriction only to new buildings proposed by a developer in June 1968. That development never came to fruition, and the subject parcel was rezoned in 1976. We therefore conclude that the Amherst Town Board annulled Condition No. 4 when it rezoned the property in 1976 (cf. Matter of D'Angelo v. Di Bernardo, 106 Misc.2d 735, 737, affd 79 A.D.2d 1092, lv denied 53 N.Y.2d 606).

We have reviewed petitioners' remaining contentions and conclude that they are without merit.

It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.

MEMORANDUM: