PEOPLE v. COMFORT (2009)

In appeal No. 1, defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him following a jury trial of various crimes, including rape in the first degree (Penal Law § 130.35[1] ) and attempted sodomy in the first degree (§ 110.00, former § 130.50[1] ).   The conviction stems from allegations that defendant forcibly raped a 16-year-old girl and attempted to sodomize her, and sexually abused the girl and another young girl who was her friend.   In appeal No. 2, defendant appeals with permission of a Justice of this Court from an order denying his CPL 440.10 motion to vacate the judgment of conviction in appeal No. 1.

 Contrary to the contention of defendant in appeal No. 1, he was not denied due process or his right to a fair trial based on County Court's denial of his repeated requests for an adjournment of the trial.   The court granted defendant's “demand[ ]” for a new attorney approximately two weeks before trial was scheduled to commence, and defense counsel accepted the assignment with knowledge of the time constraints.   We thus conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to grant the requested adjournments (see People v. Arroyave, 49 N.Y.2d 264, 272, 425 N.Y.S.2d 282, 401 N.E.2d 393;  People v. Povio, 284 A.D.2d 1011, 725 N.Y.S.2d 784, lv. denied 96 N.Y.2d 923, 732 N.Y.S.2d 640, 758 N.E.2d 666).

 Defendant further contends in both appeals that he was denied due process and his right to a fair trial by alleged Brady and Rosario violations.   We note at the outset that defendant's contentions in appeal No. 2 with respect to the alleged Brady and Rosario violations are not properly before us because they could have been raised, and indeed have been raised, on defendant's direct appeal (see CPL 440.10[2][b] ).  Even assuming, arguendo, that the prosecutor delayed in providing defendant with Brady material, we conclude that reversal is not warranted inasmuch as defendant received the material “ ‘in time for its effective use at trial’ ” (People v. Reese, 23 A.D.3d 1034, 1036, 803 N.Y.S.2d 852, lv. denied 6 N.Y.3d 779, 811 N.Y.S.2d 347, 844 N.E.2d 802 [emphasis omitted];  see People v. Cortijo, 70 N.Y.2d 868, 870, 523 N.Y.S.2d 463, 517 N.E.2d 1349).   Although the prosecutor committed a Rosario violation by failing to disclose a police officer's handwritten notes until after the direct examination of the People's second witness, that violation does not warrant reversal under the circumstances of this case.   Defendant had the official report of the police officer, and defendant failed to establish that he was “substantially prejudiced by the delay” in the disclosure of the handwritten notes (People v. Watkins, 17 A.D.3d 1083, 1084, 793 N.Y.S.2d 657, lv. denied 5 N.Y.3d 771, 801 N.Y.S.2d 265, 834 N.E.2d 1275).

 Defendant concedes that he failed to preserve for our review his contention in appeal No. 1 that he was denied due process and the right to a fair trial “by the application of” CPL 270.20(2) (see generally People v. Baumann & Sons Buses, Inc., 6 N.Y.3d 404, 408, 813 N.Y.S.2d 27, 846 N.E.2d 457, rearg. denied 7 N.Y.3d 742, 819 N.Y.S.2d 876, 853 N.E.2d 247), and we decline to exercise our power to review that contention as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15[6][a] ).   Even assuming, arguendo, that defendant preserved for our review his further contention in appeal No. 1 that he was denied the right to present a defense, we conclude that his contention lacks merit.  “Trial courts have broad discretion and wide latitude to limit cross-examination on collateral matters designed to impeach the victim's credibility” (People v. Love, 307 A.D.2d 528, 532, 762 N.Y.S.2d 162, lv. denied 100 N.Y.2d 643, 769 N.Y.S.2d 209, 801 N.E.2d 430;  see generally People v. Corby, 6 N.Y.3d 231, 234-235, 811 N.Y.S.2d 613, 844 N.E.2d 1135), and “[t]he record does not support the contention of defendant that the court violated his fundamental right to present a defense by refusing to allow him to call ․ witness[es] in his own behalf” (People v. Bradley, 17 A.D.3d 1050, 1052, 794 N.Y.S.2d 201, lv. denied 5 N.Y.3d 786, 801 N.Y.S.2d 806, 835 N.E.2d 666).

Defendant further contends in appeal No. 1 that he was denied due process and his right to a fair trial by numerous instances of prosecutorial misconduct.   Defendant failed to object to most of the challenged comments or acts and thus has failed to preserve for our review his contention with respect to those challenged comments or acts (see CPL 470.05[2] ).   In any event, we conclude that the prosecutor's alleged misconduct was not so egregious as to have denied defendant due process or the right to a fair trial (see generally People v. Mott, 94 A.D.2d 415, 418-421, 465 N.Y.S.2d 307).

Defendant contends in both appeals that the court erred in admitting Molineux evidence.   That contention with respect to appeal No. 2, as well as his remaining contentions in appeal No. 2, are not properly before us (see CPL 440.10[2][b] ).  With respect to appeal No. 1, we conclude that defendant's Molineux contention is not preserved for our review (see People v. Ward, 10 A.D.3d 805, 806, 782 N.Y.S.2d 158, lv. denied 4 N.Y.3d 768, 792 N.Y.S.2d 12, 825 N.E.2d 144;  People v. Hood, 288 A.D.2d 923, 924, 732 N.Y.S.2d 522, lv. denied 97 N.Y.2d 705, 739 N.Y.S.2d 106, 765 N.E.2d 309).   In any event, we conclude that the evidence was properly admitted because it tended to establish defendant's identity as the man who raped the victim (see generally People v. Alvino, 71 N.Y.2d 233, 241-242, 525 N.Y.S.2d 7, 519 N.E.2d 808), and the probative value of the evidence was not outweighed by its prejudicial effect (see People v. Hudy, 73 N.Y.2d 40, 55, 538 N.Y.S.2d 197, 535 N.E.2d 250;  Alvino, 71 N.Y.2d at 242, 525 N.Y.S.2d 7, 519 N.E.2d 808).

 Contrary to the further contention of defendant, he received meaningful representation (see generally People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400).   Viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1), we conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence, with the exception of counts 6 and 9 (see generally People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672).   We therefore modify the judgment in appeal No. 1 accordingly.   Defense counsel stated that he “d[id] not have any objection” to the introduction of a videotape depicting 40 seconds of the gynecological examination of the victim, and defendant thus failed to preserve for our review his contention that the videotape was improperly admitted in evidence (see People v. Russell, 71 N.Y.2d 1016, 1017, 530 N.Y.S.2d 101, 525 N.E.2d 747, rearg. dismissed 79 N.Y.2d 975, 583 N.Y.S.2d 189, 592 N.E.2d 797).   We decline to exercise our power to review that contention as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15[6][a] ).   Finally, we conclude that the sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.

It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously modified on the facts by reversing those parts convicting defendant of sexual abuse in the third degree under counts 6 and 9 of the indictment and dismissing those counts of the indictment and as modified the judgment is affirmed.

MEMORANDUM: