PEOPLE v. SACHS (2005)

 Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of manslaughter in the second degree (Penal Law § 125.15[1] ) in connection with the death of his five-month-old daughter.   Defendant gave a statement to the police admitting that he stuffed a piece of clothing in his daughter's mouth to keep his daughter from crying.   At trial, defendant testified that he lied to the police, and the defense theory was that defendant's girlfriend, the mother of the child, was responsible for her death.

 We reject defendant's contention that County Court erred in allowing the prosecutor to introduce evidence that defendant had previously stuffed a sock into the baby's mouth.   That evidence is relevant to the issue of the identity of defendant as the perpetrator in order to establish that it was defendant, and not the child's mother, who stuffed clothing into the child's mouth (see People v. Crombleholme, 8 A.D.3d 1068, 1071, 778 N.Y.S.2d 256, lv. dismissed and denied 3 N.Y.3d 672, 784 N.Y.S.2d 11, 817 N.E.2d 829).   The evidence is also admissible inasmuch as “it tends to negative the defense” of accidental death and “is especially warranted ․ where the crime charged has occurred in the privacy of the home and the facts are not easily unraveled” (People v. Henson, 33 N.Y.2d 63, 72, 349 N.Y.S.2d 657, 304 N.E.2d 358;  see People v. Engler, 150 A.D.2d 827, 828-829, 540 N.Y.S.2d 591, lv. denied 75 N.Y.2d 770, 551 N.Y.S.2d 912, 551 N.E.2d 113;  People v. Sims, 110 A.D.2d 214, 220-221, 494 N.Y.S.2d 114, lv. denied 67 N.Y.2d 657, 499 N.Y.S.2d 1054, 490 N.E.2d 570).   The probative value of that evidence outweighed its potential for prejudice (see People v. Alvino, 71 N.Y.2d 233, 242, 525 N.Y.S.2d 7, 519 N.E.2d 808).

 Defendant failed to preserve for our review his contentions that the People's medical expert improperly invaded the province of the jury (see People v. Snyder, 281 A.D.2d 894, 722 N.Y.S.2d 198, lv. denied 96 N.Y.2d 868, 730 N.Y.S.2d 43, 754 N.E.2d 1126;  see also People v. Woodard, 11 A.D.3d 899, 782 N.Y.S.2d 222) and the prosecutor violated the court's pretrial Sandoval ruling (see People v. Znajmiecki, 284 A.D.2d 983, 984, 726 N.Y.S.2d 896, lv. denied 97 N.Y.2d 690, 738 N.Y.S.2d 306, 764 N.E.2d 410;  People v. Marzug, 280 A.D.2d 974, 975, 721 N.Y.S.2d 220, lv. denied 96 N.Y.2d 904, 730 N.Y.S.2d 801, 756 N.E.2d 89).   We decline to exercise our power to review those contentions as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15[6][a] ).   Contrary to the further contention of defendant, the court properly determined that he was not subjected to custodial interrogation prior to receiving Miranda warnings (see People v. Greene, 292 A.D.2d 832, 833, 739 N.Y.S.2d 310, lv. denied 98 N.Y.2d 675, 746 N.Y.S.2d 465, 774 N.E.2d 230;  People v. Williams, 283 A.D.2d 998, 999, 725 N.Y.S.2d 775, lv. denied 96 N.Y.2d 926, 732 N.Y.S.2d 643, 758 N.E.2d 669;  People v. Schraenkler, 221 A.D.2d 1003, 635 N.Y.S.2d 559, lv. denied 87 N.Y.2d 977, 642 N.Y.S.2d 206, 664 N.E.2d 1269, 88 N.Y.2d 885, 645 N.Y.S.2d 459, 668 N.E.2d 430).   The police did not consider the baby's death suspicious when they first began interviewing defendant;  their questions were investigatory in nature, not accusatory.   Once the police began to suspect defendant because of his nervousness and his questions regarding what his girlfriend was saying, they administered the Miranda warnings.   There was thus no basis to suppress the first statement of defendant that was given while he was not subjected to custodial interrogation, or his second statement that was given after he received the Miranda warnings and waived his rights (see People v. Flecha, 195 A.D.2d 1052, 1053, 600 N.Y.S.2d 400).   Finally, the sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.

It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from be and the same hereby is unanimously affirmed.

MEMORANDUM: