ANDERSON v. John Kujawa, Individually and Doing Business as J.T. Kujawa Maintenance, Defendant-Appellant-Respondent. (2006)

 Plaintiff commenced this action seeking damages for injuries that she allegedly sustained when she slipped and fell in a snow-covered parking lot.   Defendant Jefferson-Utica Group, Inc. (Jefferson-Utica) owned the property, defendant Ellicott Group, LLC (Ellicott Group) managed it, and defendant John Kujawa, individually and doing business as J.T. Kujawa Maintenance, was the snowplowing contractor for the property.   Supreme Court erred in denying the cross motion of Kujawa seeking dismissal of the complaint against him for failure to state a cause of action (see CPLR 3211[a][7] ). There are “three situations in which a party who enters into a contract to render services may be said to have assumed a duty of care-and thus be potentially liable in tort-to third persons,” i.e., where the contracting party fails to exercise reasonable care in the performance of his or her duties and thereby launches a force or instrument of harm, where the plaintiff detrimentally relies on the continued performance of the contracting party's duties, and “where the contracting party has entirely displaced the other party's duty to maintain the premises safely” (Espinal v. Melville Snow Contrs., 98 N.Y.2d 136, 140, 746 N.Y.S.2d 120, 773 N.E.2d 485;  see Torella v. Benderson Dev. Co., 307 A.D.2d 727, 728, 763 N.Y.S.2d 876;  Engel v. Eichler, 290 A.D.2d 477, 479, 736 N.Y.S.2d 676).   We conclude that the complaint against Kujawa, the snow removal contractor, fails as a matter of law to allege any of the three situations set forth in Espinal.   There is no allegation in the complaint or bill of particulars, nor any proof in the record, that plaintiff detrimentally relied on Kujawa's continued performance of the snowplowing contract or that Kujawa launched a force or instrument of harm by creating or exacerbating a dangerous condition (see Espinal, 98 N.Y.2d at 141-142, 746 N.Y.S.2d 120, 773 N.E.2d 485).   Moreover, the snowplowing contract at issue in this case was not so comprehensive and exclusive that it “entirely displaced the [property owner's] duty to maintain the premises safely” (id. at 140, 746 N.Y.S.2d 120, 773 N.E.2d 485;  see Torella, 307 A.D.2d at 728-729, 763 N.Y.S.2d 876;  Kozak v. Broadway Joe's, 296 A.D.2d 683, 685, 745 N.Y.S.2d 139).   We modify the order accordingly.

 We conclude, however, that the court properly denied the motion of Jefferson-Utica and the cross motion of Ellicott Group for summary judgment in the form of a conditional order of contractual or common-law indemnification against Kujawa (see Robinson v. City of New York, 22 A.D.3d 293, 294, 802 N.Y.S.2d 48;  Schillaci v. Jet Equip. & Tools, 278 A.D.2d 859, 860, 718 N.Y.S.2d 515;  cf. Scally v. Regional Indus. Partnership, 9 A.D.3d 865, 869, 780 N.Y.S.2d 457).   There are triable issues of fact with respect to the fault of the various parties.

It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from be and the same hereby is unanimously modified on the law by granting the cross motion of defendant John Kujawa, individually and doing business as J.T. Kujawa Maintenance, and dismissing the complaint against him and as modified the order is affirmed without costs.

MEMORANDUM: