PEOPLE v. WARNEY (2002)

 Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him after a jury trial of two counts of murder in the second degree (Penal Law § 125.25 [1], [3] ).   Supreme Court properly denied the motion of defendant to suppress his oral and written statements.   Defendant contacted the police because he wanted to give them information about the murder.   When two detectives arrived at his house, he agreed to accompany them to the police station.   Under these circumstances, “[a] reasonable person, innocent of any crime, would not have believed he was in custody” (People v. Ludlow, 187 A.D.2d 936, 937, 592 N.Y.S.2d 931, lv. denied 81 N.Y.2d 888, 597 N.Y.S.2d 950, 613 N.E.2d 982).   There is thus no basis to suppress his oral statements made before he was given Miranda warnings.   Defendant further contends that his statement to the supervisor of the central booking area at the jail should have been suppressed because it was made after his right to counsel had attached.   The record supports the court's determination that the statement was spontaneous.   Defendant greeted the supervisor, with whom he was familiar.   The supervisor responded, “[H]ow ya' doin', what's up?”   It cannot be said that the supervisor's response to defendant's greeting should reasonably have been anticipated to evoke an incriminating response from defendant (see People v. Folger, 292 A.D.2d 841, 740 N.Y.S.2d 740, lv. denied 98 N.Y.2d 675, 746 N.Y.S.2d 464, 774 N.E.2d 229).   The ensuing statement by defendant therefore was spontaneous (see People v. Damiano, 87 N.Y.2d 477, 486-487, 640 N.Y.S.2d 451, 663 N.E.2d 607).

 The verdict is not against the weight of the evidence (see People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672).   Defendant confessed to the crime and gave accurate descriptions of many details of the crime scene.   Defendant testified at trial that the police threatened him and forced him to confess to the crime.   Two police detectives, however, testified that they did not threaten defendant, and that defendant was cooperative with them.   In fact, defendant does not dispute that it was he who contacted the police in the first instance and provided them with information about the murder.   Issues with respect to “the credibility of prosecution witnesses concerning the voluntariness of the confession were for the jury to decide, and there is no basis in the record to disturb the jury's resolution of those issues” (People v. Sanchez, 267 A.D.2d 960, 960, 700 N.Y.S.2d 922, lv. denied 94 N.Y.2d 906, 707 N.Y.S.2d 391, 728 N.E.2d 990).

 Contrary to the further contention of defendant, defense counsel's failure to call three witnesses at trial does not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel (see People v. Brooks, 283 A.D.2d 367, 368, 729 N.Y.S.2d 459, lv. denied 96 N.Y.2d 916, 732 N.Y.S.2d 633, 758 N.E.2d 659;  People v. Hamilton, 272 A.D.2d 553, 554, 708 N.Y.S.2d 136, lv. denied 95 N.Y.2d 935, 721 N.Y.S.2d 611, 744 N.E.2d 147).   One of the witnesses failed to appear at trial because she was ill, and defense counsel “cannot be considered ineffective because [an] alibi witness[ ] w[as] too ill to come to court to testify” (Hamilton, 272 A.D.2d at 554, 708 N.Y.S.2d 136).   Nor does defense counsel's failure to learn of the existence of a second witness constitute ineffective assistance of counsel (see id.).   Finally, even if defense counsel had located the third witness by the time of trial, that witness would not have been permitted to testify.   The relevance of his proposed testimony concerning the possible culpability of a third party would have been outweighed by the potential for “undue prejudice to the [People], confusing the issues or misleading the jury” (People v. Primo, 96 N.Y.2d 351, 355, 728 N.Y.S.2d 735, 753 N.E.2d 164).   Based upon the evidence, the law, and the circumstances of this case, viewed in totality and as of the time of the representation, we conclude that defendant received meaningful representation (see People v. Benevento, 91 N.Y.2d 708, 712-713, 674 N.Y.S.2d 629, 697 N.E.2d 584;  People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400).   We have reviewed defendant's remaining contentions and conclude that they are without merit.

It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from be and the same hereby is unanimously affirmed.

MEMORANDUM: