PEOPLE v. ORSO (2000)

Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him after a jury trial of two counts of burglary in the first degree (Penal Law § 140.30[2], [3] ), one count of robbery in the first degree (Penal Law § 160.15[3] ) and two counts of robbery in the second degree (Penal Law § 160.10[1], [2][a] ).   Defendant and codefendant entered an unlocked home, wearing ski masks, and discovered that the 13-year-old son of the owner was at home.   Defendant obtained $60 from the boy when defendant threatened him with a hammer.   The owner came home while defendant and codefendant were in the house, and defendant struck and injured the owner.   Defendant was arrested later that day and gave a statement to the police.   Defendant was sentenced as a persistent felony offender to 25 years to life on each count, to run concurrently.

 The contention of defendant that his statement was involuntary due to psychological coercion and sleep deprivation is without merit (cf., People v. Miller, 244 A.D.2d 828, 666 N.Y.S.2d 281).   Defendant did not testify at the Huntley hearing that the police promised to release him if he confessed, nor did he testify that he was tired.   Furthermore, Supreme Court did not credit defendant's testimony that the police threatened to arrest defendant's girlfriend if defendant did not confess, and that credibility determination is entitled to great deference (see, People v. Prochilo, 41 N.Y.2d 759, 761, 395 N.Y.S.2d 635, 363 N.E.2d 1380).   We also reject the contention of defendant that he was not given Miranda warnings.   The hearing court's determination crediting the testimony of the police rather than defendant is supported by the record (see, People v. Prochilo, supra, at 761, 395 N.Y.S.2d 635, 363 N.E.2d 1380;  People v. Williams, 202 A.D.2d 976, 612 N.Y.S.2d 985, lv. denied 83 N.Y.2d 916, 614 N.Y.S.2d 398, 637 N.E.2d 289).

 We reject the further contention of defendant that he was denied effective assistance of counsel because defense counsel did not call defendant's girlfriend as a witness at the Huntley hearing.   Defendant's girlfriend was not present when defendant was questioned by police and defendant failed to demonstrate that he was prejudiced by defense counsel's failure to call her as a witness (see, People v. Eldridge, 224 A.D.2d 983, 637 N.Y.S.2d 839).   The record establishes that defendant received meaningful representation (see, People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400).

 We reject defendant's contention that the verdict convicting him of burglary in the second degree is against the weight of the evidence.   We conclude, however, that the conviction of robbery in the first degree is legally insufficient (see, People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672).   The indictment alleges that defendant forcibly stole approximately $60 from the owner of the house, who was named in the indictment, and that defendant used or threatened the use of a dangerous instrument, to wit:  a hammer.   The evidence established that the owner's son was threatened with a hammer.   Because the People chose to specify a fact to support a material element of the crime, i.e., the forcible theft of $60 from the owner of the house by use of a hammer, they were not “at liberty to present evidence that affirmatively disprove[d] it” (People v. Roberts, 72 N.Y.2d 489, 497, 534 N.Y.S.2d 647, 531 N.E.2d 279;  see, People v. Powell, 153 A.D.2d 54, 57-58, 549 N.Y.S.2d 276, lv. denied 75 N.Y.2d 969, 556 N.Y.S.2d 254, 555 N.E.2d 626).   We therefore modify the judgment by reversing the conviction of robbery in the first degree, vacating the sentence imposed thereon and dismissing count three of the indictment.

Judgment unanimously modified on the law and as modified affirmed.

MEMORANDUM: