WILLENBERG v. WEULE (1986)

Petitioners, defendants in a personal injury action, seek a writ of mandate directing the respondent court to grant their motion for summary judgment.   We hold that petitioners are entitled to summary judgment and accordingly direct the issuance of a peremptory writ of mandate.

Petitioners are the owners of a half-Doberman, half-German Shepherd dog named Pebbles.   Real party (plaintiff) is Pebbles' veterinarian.   Plaintiff had treated Pebbles throughout her puppyhood without incident, and the dog never exhibited any violent propensities.   During a visit to plaintiff's office on March 24, 1984, Pebbles got away from her owner (petitioner Travis Willenberg) and leaped onto plaintiff.   Plaintiff managed to fend her off but she jumped on plaintiff again, forcing plaintiff to “wrestle her down.”   In doing so plaintiff injured his shoulder.   Pebbles did not bite plaintiff, one factor which plaintiff claims distinguishes this case from Nelson v. Hall (1985) 165 Cal.App.3d 709, 211 Cal.Rptr. 668.

The plaintiff in Nelson was a veterinarian's assistant who filed suit after being bitten by a “patient” who had not previously exhibited any violent tendencies.   The dog's owners moved for summary judgment on the ground that dog bites were an inherent risk of the veterinary profession.   In affirming the summary judgment in favor of defendants, the court, referring to the declaration of plaintiff's employer, stated:  “[I]t is generally accepted in the veterinary profession that any animal may react strangely or dangerously while receiving treatment, regardless of its behavior in the home environment.   A veterinarian cannot assume a normally gentle dog will act gently while receiving treatment.”  (Nelson v. Hall, supra, 165 Cal.App.3d at p. 712, 211 Cal.Rptr. 668.)

The court concluded that “[a] veterinarian or a veterinary assistant who accepts employment for the medical treatment of a dog, aware of the risk that any dog, regardless of its previous nature, might bite while being treated, has assumed this risk as part of his or her occupation.”  (Nelson v. Hall, supra, 165 Cal.App.3d at p. 715, 211 Cal.Rptr. 668, emphasis in original.)   In a footnote, the court stated:  “We emphasize that the defense of assumption of the risk extends only to the danger which the injured person has knowingly assumed;  i.e., the danger the dog will bite while being treated.”  (Id. at p. 715, fn. 4, 211 Cal.Rptr. 668, emphasis in original.)

Seizing upon this dictum of the Nelson case, plaintiff argues that Nelson does not apply here because (1) while dog bites may be an inherent, known risk of the veterinary profession, being leaped upon by a dog is not;  and (2) Pebbles was not undergoing treatment at the time the attack occurred, but was merely sitting on the examination table and leaped at plaintiff when he entered the room.   The court below found that “questions of fact exist as to whether this [type of attack] was a risk known to the plaintiff and voluntarily assumed by him.”

 We hold that Nelson is dispostive of this case and the respondent court abused its discretion in denying defendants' motion for summary judgment.   The point of the Nelson case is that a visit to the veterinarian's office can bring about unpredictable behavior in a normally docile animal, and this is an inherent risk which every veterinarian assumes.¹

Let a peremptory writ of mandate issue directing the respondent court to vacate its order of June 16, 1986, denying the motion of defendants for summary judgment, and enter a new and different order granting said motion.

FOOTNOTES

1.   Of course, a dog owner would not be shielded from liability if he knew that the dog has a propensity toward vicious behavior and concealed this from the veterinarian.  (See Nelson v. Hall, supra, 165 Cal.App.3d at p. 715, fn. 4, 211 Cal.Rptr. 668.)

ASHBY, Associate Justice.

FEINERMAN, P.J., and HASTINGS, J., concur.