In a suit alleging that a university prevented the plaintiff from completing a Ph.D. program in retaliation for having complained of gender-based institutional bias, and gender discrimination by her faculty dissertation committee chair, the district court's grant of summary judgment to the university is reversed and the case remanded, where: 1) the Title VII framework for deciding retaliation claims is applicable to retaliation claims under Title IX; 2) the plaintiff established a prima facie case of retaliation; and 3) the plaintiff's evidence was sufficient to show that the university's claimed nonretaliatory reasons for the adverse action were pretextual.