Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 49 : Section 40101


   
U.S. Code as of: 01/19/04
Section 40101. Policy

      (a) Economic Regulation. - In carrying out subpart II of this
    part and those provisions of subpart IV applicable in carrying out
    subpart II, the Secretary of Transportation shall consider the
    following matters, among others, as being in the public interest
    and consistent with public convenience and necessity:
        (1) assigning and maintaining safety as the highest priority in
      air commerce.
        (2) before authorizing new air transportation services,
      evaluating the safety implications of those services.
        (3) preventing deterioration in established safety procedures,
      recognizing the clear intent, encouragement, and dedication of
      Congress to further the highest degree of safety in air
      transportation and air commerce, and to maintain the safety
      vigilance that has evolved in air transportation and air commerce
      and has come to be expected by the traveling and shipping public.
        (4) the availability of a variety of adequate, economic,
      efficient, and low-priced services without unreasonable
      discrimination or unfair or deceptive practices.
        (5) coordinating transportation by, and improving relations
      among, air carriers, and encouraging fair wages and working
      conditions.
        (6) placing maximum reliance on competitive market forces and
      on actual and potential competition - 
          (A) to provide the needed air transportation system; and
          (B) to encourage efficient and well-managed air carriers to
        earn adequate profits and attract capital, considering any
        material differences between interstate air transportation and
        foreign air transportation.

        (7) developing and maintaining a sound regulatory system that
      is responsive to the needs of the public and in which decisions
      are reached promptly to make it easier to adapt the air
      transportation system to the present and future needs of - 
          (A) the commerce of the United States;
          (B) the United States Postal Service; and
          (C) the national defense.

        (8) encouraging air transportation at major urban areas through
      secondary or satellite airports if consistent with regional
      airport plans of regional and local authorities, and if endorsed
      by appropriate State authorities - 
          (A) encouraging the transportation by air carriers that
        provide, in a specific market, transportation exclusively at
        those airports; and
          (B) fostering an environment that allows those carriers to
        establish themselves and develop secondary or satellite airport
        services.

        (9) preventing unfair, deceptive, predatory, or anticompetitive
      practices in air transportation.
        (10) avoiding unreasonable industry concentration, excessive
      market domination, monopoly powers, and other conditions that
      would tend to allow at least one air carrier or foreign air
      carrier unreasonably to increase prices, reduce services, or
      exclude competition in air transportation.
        (11) maintaining a complete and convenient system of continuous
      scheduled interstate air transportation for small communities and
      isolated areas with direct financial assistance from the United
      States Government when appropriate.
        (12) encouraging, developing, and maintaining an air
      transportation system relying on actual and potential competition
      - 
          (A) to provide efficiency, innovation, and low prices; and
          (B) to decide on the variety and quality of, and determine
        prices for, air transportation services.

        (13) encouraging entry into air transportation markets by new
      and existing air carriers and the continued strengthening of
      small air carriers to ensure a more effective and competitive
      airline industry.
        (14) promoting, encouraging, and developing civil aeronautics
      and a viable, privately-owned United States air transport
      industry.
        (15) strengthening the competitive position of air carriers to
      at least ensure equality with foreign air carriers, including the
      attainment of the opportunity for air carriers to maintain and
      increase their profitability in foreign air transportation.
        (16) ensuring that consumers in all regions of the United
      States, including those in small communities and rural and remote
      areas, have access to affordable, regularly scheduled air
      service.

      (b) All-Cargo Air Transportation Considerations. - In carrying
    out subpart II of this part and those provisions of subpart IV
    applicable in carrying out subpart II, the Secretary of
    Transportation shall consider the following matters, among others
    and in addition to the matters referred to in subsection (a) of
    this section, as being in the public interest for all-cargo air
    transportation:
        (1) encouraging and developing an expedited all-cargo air
      transportation system provided by private enterprise and
      responsive to - 
          (A) the present and future needs of shippers;
          (B) the commerce of the United States; and
          (C) the national defense.

        (2) encouraging and developing an integrated transportation
      system relying on competitive market forces to decide the extent,
      variety, quality, and price of services provided.
        (3) providing services without unreasonable discrimination,
      unfair or deceptive practices, or predatory pricing.

      (c) General Safety Considerations. - In carrying out subpart III
    of this part and those provisions of subpart IV applicable in
    carrying out subpart III, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall consider the following matters:
        (1) the requirements of national defense and commercial and
      general aviation.
        (2) the public right of freedom of transit through the
      navigable airspace.

      (d) Safety Considerations in Public Interest. - In carrying out
    subpart III of this part and those provisions of subpart IV
    applicable in carrying out subpart III, the Administrator shall
    consider the following matters, among others, as being in the
    public interest:
        (1) assigning, maintaining, and enhancing safety and security
      as the highest priorities in air commerce.
        (2) regulating air commerce in a way that best promotes safety
      and fulfills national defense requirements.
        (3) encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new
      aviation technology.
        (4) controlling the use of the navigable airspace and
      regulating civil and military operations in that airspace in the
      interest of the safety and efficiency of both of those
      operations.
        (5) consolidating research and development for air navigation
      facilities and the installation and operation of those
      facilities.
        (6) developing and operating a common system of air traffic
      control and navigation for military and civil aircraft.
        (7) providing assistance to law enforcement agencies in the
      enforcement of laws related to regulation of controlled
      substances, to the extent consistent with aviation safety.

      (e) International Air Transportation. - In formulating United
    States international air transportation policy, the Secretaries of
    State and Transportation shall develop a negotiating policy
    emphasizing the greatest degree of competition compatible with a
    well-functioning international air transportation system, including
    the following:
        (1) strengthening the competitive position of air carriers to
      ensure at least equality with foreign air carriers, including the
      attainment of the opportunity for air carriers to maintain and
      increase their profitability in foreign air transportation.
        (2) freedom of air carriers and foreign air carriers to offer
      prices that correspond to consumer demand.
        (3) the fewest possible restrictions on charter air
      transportation.
        (4) the maximum degree of multiple and permissive international
      authority for air carriers so that they will be able to respond
      quickly to a shift in market demand.
        (5) eliminating operational and marketing restrictions to the
      greatest extent possible.
        (6) integrating domestic and international air transportation.
        (7) increasing the number of nonstop United States gateway
      cities.
        (8) opportunities for carriers of foreign countries to increase
      their access to places in the United States if exchanged for
      benefits of similar magnitude for air carriers or the traveling
      public with permanent linkage between rights granted and rights
      given away.
        (9) eliminating discrimination and unfair competitive practices
      faced by United States airlines in foreign air transportation,
      including - 
          (A) excessive landing and user fees;
          (B) unreasonable ground handling requirements;
          (C) unreasonable restrictions on operations;
          (D) prohibitions against change of gauge; and
          (E) similar restrictive practices.

        (10) promoting, encouraging, and developing civil aeronautics
      and a viable, privately-owned United States air transport
      industry.

      (f) Strengthening Competition. - In selecting an air carrier to
    provide foreign air transportation from among competing applicants,
    the Secretary of Transportation shall consider, in addition to the
    matters specified in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, the
    strengthening of competition among air carriers operating in the
    United States to prevent unreasonable concentration in the air
    carrier industry.



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Related Resources

Department of Transportation Guide

Transportation Discussion

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